tongue twister

•Tongue Twisters  it is a phrase or sentence which is hard to speak fast, usually because of alliteration or a sequence of nearly similar sounds. It helps develop speech skills & helps in speech therapy. 

•To get the full effect of a tongue twister you should try to repeat it several times, as quickly as possible, without stumbling or mispronouncing.

*A good cook could cook as much cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies.

*I saw a saw that could out saw any other saw I ever saw.

*Do tongue twisters twist your tongue?   

•Black bug bit a big black bear. But where is the big black bear that the big black bug bit

•A big bug bit the little beetle but the little beetle bit the big bug back.

•If you understand, say "understand"

If you don't understand, say "don't understand".

But if you understand and say "don't understand".

How do I understand that you understand? Understand!

•I thought, I thought of thinking of thanking you.

*Betty bought butter but the butter was bitter, so Betty bought better butter to make the bitter butter better.  

•I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I won't wish the wish you wish to wish.

*A sailor went to sea To see, what he could see. And all he could see Was sea, sea, sea.

•I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought.

If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought, I wouldn't have thought so much.

•She sells sea shells on the sea shore she sells sea shells no more

•The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne throughout Thursday.

•Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,

if Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,

where the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?         

*Billy Button bought a buttered biscuit,did Billy Button buy a buttered biscuit?

If Billy Button bought a buttered biscuit, 

Where's the buttered biscuit Billy Button bought ??    

•How much wood could a wood chopper chop, if a wood chopper could chop wood?

•If a black bug bleeds black blood, what color blood does a blue bug bleed?

How to be successful in life

What we call life is a very complex affair. It is not simply eating. Reproducing and finally dying. Every creature does these. But in the case of man he has to lead a highly complicated life. It is like going through a maze. He is a social being. He has to earn, make a home. Look after his people. Attend to his obligations to the society and the government. So in order to be successful in all these he has to develop certain qualities.

What do we mean by saying a man is successful? If in his occupation he can do satisfactorily both for himself and others then he is successful. He must be able to look after his people and bring up good children. If he becomes a professional man like an engineer, doctor or lawyer, making money should not be the only criterion; he must also able to satisfy his clients and be honest at it

In order to be successful one should develop certain qualities. At first he must realize his purpose; in other words what he would like to be. This is the crux of the problem, for the choice does not come to him. Parents decide it very often for them. Let us suppose he decides to be somebody in his life. Once having decided he must work or attaining certain standard in that line. Only hard work would make him fit for the job. It is rightly said that it is 5% inspiration and 95% perspiration. One must deserve before desiring. One must remember one’s education does not stop with the school or college. It is a life long process. Professional people must keep themselves up to date.

Then one must get on with others. In the chess board of life one may find himself in any position; it maybe the all powerful queen or simply pawn. It must be remembered that given the chance, even a pawn can destroy a queen. This mean in a complex society, everyone find oneself in a particular position; there maybe some above and some below. One need not be favouring and flattering those above and be arrogant with those below. ” what can I do for you” it is correct attitude and having done it go about your duty. In getting on with others sweet temperament is really an asset; then only other will like to transact with one. One must not be easily irritable nor give irritants to others. Then one must be reliable. One must be reliable. One maybe clever but is he is not reliable, he can not achieve success in a great measure because others will have very little to do with him.

Another important quality that would make up for success is doing things then and there. Procrastination is the thief o time. Postponement of doing things means swelling of work for the next day. A small chink maybe easily closed today but tomorrow it maybe late. If we analyse the life of successful people we could easily see they have been through and never postponed doing things.

Still another quality is not to argue. By pointing out that, he has been wrong you are not going to improve matters, on the other hand you can help him correct, arguing not only takes away precious time but also cause irritation. Especially one’s superior may not like arguing. Instead of argument, one must be able to meet the situation something like this “you maybe right, sir” or “this is alright”, but “what about our alternative” and so on.

One must be capable of learning from experience. One must be able to learn from the mistakes of others. Only when individuals fail to learn from the past mistakes, they are ruined. History is replete with examples.

Subordinators

The most common subordinators are:

although, even though, because, since*, so that, when, while, before*, after*, whenever, wherever, anywhere, if, unless, whether…[or not] as, as [adjective] as, whereas

(to show slight contrast) (to give reasons) (to indicate time relationships) (to indicate place) (to indicate conditions) (to give comparisons) (to show major contrast)

*These words can also be used as prepositions.

Subordinators have an interesting effect on words in a sentence. A clause (S +V) without a subordinator can stand alone as a complete statement.

I went to the store yesterday.

(Complete statement)

However, when a subordinator is added, the statement seems incomplete.

When I went to the store yesterday, . . .

(Well, what happened?)

The subordinating clause becomes dependent on something else to complete its meaning:

When I went to the store yesterday, I saw an old friend.

(Idea is complete)

Subordinating or “dependent” clauses can occur at the beginning or end of a sentence. When used at the beginning of a sentence, a comma is necessary after the clause itself.

S + V although S + V

Although S + V , S + V

In English, the subordinator always comes before the subject and verb in a clause.

I went to the grocery store after, I stopped at the bank.  After I went to the grocery store, I stopped at the bank.

(Incorrect) (Correct)

Subordinators and coordinators should not be used in the same sentence to introduce clauses. Choose one or the other, but do not use both together.

Although Nina won the prize, butshe was not happy. Although Nina won the prize, she was not happy. Nina won the prize, but she was not happy.

(Wrong) (Correct) (Also correct)

Sentence Structure and Punctuation

Basic English Sentence Structures

S – V S – V – O S – V – IO – DO

Jack is sleeping.  Jack ate an apple.  Jack gave Jill a ring.

S – LV – Adj.  S – LV – Adv S – LV – Noun

Jack is sick.  Jack is here. Jack is a doctor.

Combinations: One verb or one subject (no comma)

S V S and S V S V and V S V O and O S and S V O and O

Jack is drinking. Jack and Jill are drinking. Jack is eating and drinking. Jack drinks coffee and tea. Jack and Jill drink tea and coffee.

Combinations: Two subjects, two verbs

Subordination (One idea is stronger.)

Jack drinks coffee although Jill drinks tea. (without a comma)

Although Jack drinks coffee, Jill drinks tea. (with a comma)

Coordination (equal ideas, with coordinator: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet)

Jack is drinking, and Jill is eating. (A comma [,] is needed here.)

Jack drinks coffee, but Jill drinks tea. (closest connection between ideas)

Closely related ideas (without coordinator)

Jack drinks coffee; Jill drinks tea. (A semi-colon [;] is used here.)

Jack drinks coffee; however, Jill drinks tea. (with a sentence connector)

Separate sentences (strongest break between ideas)

Jack drinks coffee. Jill drinks tea. (Use a period [.] to separate complete sentences.)

Jack drinks coffee. However, Jill drinks tea. (with a sentence connector) 
Jack drinks coffee. Jill, however, drinks tea. (variation)

Note:
Do not use subordinators and coordinators to connect ideas in the same sentence:

Although Jack drinks coffee, but Jill drinks tea. Jack drinks coffee, but Jill drinks tea. Although Jack drinks coffee, Jill drinks tea.

(INCORRECT) (Okay) (Okay)

Sentence Elements

S - V	Time	Place	Manner	Reason
(He eats/He ate...)	(When)	(Where)	(How)	(Why)< p>
Adverbs	yesterday	there	quickly
	last night	here	sloppily
Prepositional	at 7:00	in the house	with a fork	for fun
Phrase
Adverbial Clause	when he	wherever he can	as a good	because he's
	finishes work		boy should	hungry
Other				to get fat
				(infinitive)
S - V	Duration	Frequency	Contrast	Condition
(He works/worked/	(How long)	(How often)	(To show a	(Under what
has worked...)			difference)	conditions)
Adverb	forever	sometimes	anyway
		always
Prepositional	for two hours	on Thursdays	despite his	for pay only
Phrase			illness
Adverbial Clause	as long as	whenever he	although he	if he feels good

Basic Sentence Structure 

There are five basic patterns around which most English sentences are built.* They are as follows: 

S-V	Subject-Verb	John sleeps.
		Jill is eating.
		Jack will arrive next week.
S-V-O	Subject-Verb-Object	I like rice.
		She loves her job.
		He’s eating an orange.
S-V-Adj	Subject-Verb-Adjective	He is funny.
		The workers are lazy.
		Karen seems angry.
S-V-Adv	Subject-Verb-Adverb	Jim is here.
		Flowers are everywhere.
		No one was there.
S-V-N	Subject-Verb-Noun	She is my mom.
		The men are doctors.
		Mr. Jones is the teacher.

At the heart of every English sentence is the Subject-Verb relationship. Other elements can be added to make a sentence more interesting, but they are not essential to its formation.

The following sentences are examples of the S-V pattern.

She sleeps.	Core sentence
She sleeps soundly.	An adverb is added to describe how she sleeps.
She sleeps on the sofa.	A prepositional phrase is added to tell where she sleeps.
She sleeps every afternoon.	A time expression is added to tell when she sleeps.
She is sleeping right now.	Verb tense is changed, but S-V relationship remains the same.
Mary will sleep later.	Subject is named and another tense is used.
The dogs are sleeping in the garage.	New subject may require a different form of the verb.

Note: Any action verb can be used with this sentence pattern.

The following sentences are examples of the S-V-O pattern.

They like rice.	Core sentence
The people like rice.	Specific subject
The friendly people like rice.	Subject modified with an adjective
The people in the restaurant like rice.	Subject modified with an adjective
The people like boiled rice.	Object modified with an adjective
The people like hot, white rice.	Object modified with more than one adjective

Note: Only transitive action verbs can be used with this sentence pattern.

The following sentences are examples of the S-V-Adj pattern.

He is fine.	Basic sentence with “be” verb
He seems happy.	Basic sentence with another linking verb
Jordan is tall, dark and handsome.	Series of adjectives
He appears very comfortable.	Adverb or intensifier added
George became sick last night.	Different tense and linking verb

Note: Only linking verbs can be used with this sentence pattern.

The following sentences are examples of the S-V-Adv pattern:

The teacher is here.	Basic sentence
The teacher is over there.	Using an adverb phrase
Teachers are everywhere.	Plural noun and verb used
The teachers are in the lobby.	Prepositional phrase functioning as adverb

Note: Only linking verbs can be used with this sentence pattern.

The following sentences are examples of the S-V-N pattern.

The man is a doctor.	Basic sentence
The women are doctors.	Using plural noun and verb
My father is a nice guy.	Modified subject and complement
My grandparents are senior citizens.	Modified plural subject and complement

Note: Only linking verbs can be used with this sentence pattern.